# Example 1 
# Simple arithmetic operations
a = 10
b = 5
result = a * b + (a / b)
print("The result of the calculation is:", result)

# Example 2 - Control Flow 
# Check if a number is even or odd
number = 7
if number % 2 == 0:
    print(f"{number} is even.")
else:
    print(f"{number} is odd.")

# Example 3 - Looping and Functions
# Function to calculate the factorial of a number
def factorial(n):
    result = 1
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        result *= i
    return result

print("The factorial of 6 is:", factorial(6))

# Example 4 - List Comprehension and Lambda Function
# Generate squares and cubes of numbers from 1 to 5
squares = list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, range(1, 6)))
print("Squares from 1 to 5:", squares)
cubes = list(map(lambda x: x ** 3, range(1, 6)))
print("Cubes from 1 to 5  :", cubes)

# Example 5 - File I/O (writing and reading)
# Write to a file and then read from it
with open("sample.txt", "w") as file:
    file.write("Hello, this is a sample text file.")

with open("sample.txt", "r") as file:
    content = file.read()
    print("File content:", content)

# Example 6 -  Exception Handling
# Handle division by zero exception
try:
    x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Error: Cannot divide by zero.")

# Example 7 - Working with Dictionaries
# Count occurrences of each letter in a word
word = "programming"
frequency = {}
for letter in word:
    frequency[letter] = frequency.get(letter, 0) + 1
print("Letter frequencies:", frequency)

# Example 8 - Importing Pandas and Creating a DataFrame
import pandas as pd

# Create a DataFrame from a dictionary
data = {
    'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'Chris'],
    'Age': [25, 30, 35, 50],
    'City': ['New York', 'Los Angeles', 'Chicago', 'Kota Kinabalu']
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df)